Multinational Financial Management - 275 Words

Multinational Financial Management (Essay Sample) Content: Multinational Financial Management Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Name University/College Based on Section 1A of Googleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Form 10K, three risk factors would face the company. The first is properties. It details information about Googleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s properties such as servers, offices, and other physical properties. The company can deal with the risk of loss by ensuring these properties. It can also ensure that the servers are updated as a means to improve their functionality and efficient. The second is competition. It can lead to a decrease in revenues if the company is not competitive. Finally, legal proceedings are also a risk in Section 1A CITATION SEC15 \l 1033 (SEC, 2015). It entails lawsuits that can be an issue for the company, and could lead to losses. For instance, the company is undergoing legal proceeding due to its uncompetitive practices. It would be a risk to its operations. The firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial result has been affected by foreign currency adjustments, especially at a period when countries are trying to formulate new policies to overcome the devastating effects of the recession. The effect arises from foreign currency exchange risks. Considering that the company is a multinational corporation with operations in many countries, its finances have to consider the exchange rates that often varies. However, these adjustments shave not been significant as the foreign exchange rates have often been stable. The adjustments occurred to ensure that the Form 10K filing accommodates changes in currency. The adjustment is a...

Introductions for ESL - Advanced Level Classes

The beginning of a new class is a good time for a global review of the tenses and forms that you will be studying during the coming course. The idea of this exercise is not to intimidate the students, nor to have them learn everything in one go. Most students will have already studied most of these forms and the following year serves to improve and build upon the set of English skills that they have already acquired. The following conversation exercises serve the double purpose of introducing students to each other and getting them to converse from the get-go, as well as reviewing the number of more advanced structures that they will be working on during your course. This spoken exercise can also work well as a means of review. For lower-intermediate or false beginners. Aim: Introduce students to each other while introducing/reviewing a wide range of tenses Activity: Interviewing activity in pair work Level: Advanced Outline Ask students to break up into groups of three or four and write down the names of all the tenses they can remember including an example for each tense. You may want to help them as this exercise is just a way of introducing structures that they will be working on during your course.Talk quickly about the structures that are mentioned. You may also want to write the names of the tenses on the board so that students can refresh their memories.Ask students to get up and find a partner.Have the students take short one or two-word notes on the questions from the first worksheet. Students dont need to write full answer notes but should focus on replying in full sentences to the questions asked by their partners.Once students have completed the task, ask them to quietly read through the notes they have taken about their partner.Have students get up again and find another partner. Distribute the second worksheet and have them answer questions about their partners. Once again, students dont n eed to write full answer notes but should focus on replying in full sentences to the questions asked by their partners.Make sure to point out that this exercise is intended to remind them of what sort of elements go into using English (i.e. tenses in this case) and that you will be taking your time going through all the points so quickly covered in this lesson.After you have finished the exercise, have a class discussion about the differences between the first person I and a third person he, she (i.e. s on the third person singular, etc.) Getting to Know Your Classmates Questions For Your Partner What were you doing this time last year?What will you be doing this time next year?What do you hope you will have improved by the time you finish this course?What do you think will happen during this course?What do you do?How long have you been working/studying at your present job/course?Remember the last time you were interrupted at work/study. What had you been doing before you were interrupted?What would you change about your job/school if you were in charge?When did you choose your job/school? Is there any one thing that had happened to make you choose your line of work/field of study?What would you have done if you hadnt chosen your current profession/field of study?What are you currently working on/studying?How long have you been doing your favorite hobby?What did you use to do that you now miss?What must have been the reason for your stopping what you used to do? Questions About Your Partners Partner What was he/she doing this time last year?What will he/she be doing this time next year?What does he/she hope he/she will have improved by the time he/she finishes this course?What does he/she think will happen during this course?What does he/she do?How long has he/she been working/studying at his/her present job/course?Remember the last time he/she was interrupted at work/study. What had he/she been doing before he/she was interrupted?What would he/she change about his/her job/school if he/she were in charge?When did he/she choose his/her job/school? Is there any one thing that had happened to make he/she choose his/her line of work/field of study?What would he/she have done if he/she hadnt chosen his/her current profession/field of study?What is he/she currently working on/studying?How long has he/she been doing his/her favorite hobby?What did he/she use to do that he/she now misses?What must have been the reason for his/her stopping what he/she used to do?

Theories of Development Cognitive Theory and Behaviorism ...

Off the five developmental theories, I would like to describe and explain two grand theories, Cognitive theory and Behaviorism. The main concepts of cognitive theory focuses on the developmental process of thinking and how this process affects our actions, attitudes, beliefs and assumptions through a life span. Jean Piaget, Swiss biologist and proponent of cognitive theory, developed a general thesis of cognitive theory; he divided the developmental process of thinking into four stages. He said â€Å"the way people think changes with age as their brains mature and their experiences challenge their past assumptions† (Berger, 8th edition, 2009)† . In my opinion, we use and apply the main concepts of the cognitive theory in everyday life,†¦show more content†¦People in special needs might be different, but they are smart in their own way, amazingly imaginative and very appreciative. Although their life is diverse and uneasy, they always are thankful for another day. They thought me to be a better person and I learned to respect them. These new experiences challenged my past assumptions a nd beliefs. The second theory I would like to talk about is Behaviorism. The main concept of behaviorism is observing human behavior. It is also called a learning theory because it describes the process of learning. Behaviorism is described as a force of habit, meaning that after we learn a certain behavior we repeat it without even thinking about it. The most known proponent of behaviorism was John Watson who believed that scientists should only examine what can be seen or measured, which in this case is a person’s behavior. Another famous behaviorist was Ivan Pavlov, the proponent of classical condition, which is another concept of behaviorism. Classical conditioning focuses on repetition and practice, which Ivan Pavlov proved in an experiment with a salivating dog. B.F. Skinner, one of the most influential psychologists believed in operational conditioning, which explains that consequences, punishment or reinforcement respond to our behavior. I have applied this theory toward my son who is three years old. He is a very curious boy who likes to see how far he can go with his behavior. Because I amShow MoreRelatedBehaviorism Theory On The Theory Of Behaviorism Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the theories we have studied this semester in Knowing and Learning in Mathematics and Science is the Behaviorism theory. The behaviorism theory states that behaviorism is a theory on learning that only concentrates on noticeably observable behaviors and disregards any independent activities of the mind. The Behaviorism theory was brought up by Burrhus Frederic Skinner. He based this theory on operant conditioning. This theory has a reinforcing stimulus which can be modified into continuousRead MoreComparison Between Behaviorism and Cognitive Theories in Tesol844 Words   |  4 PagesBETWEEN BEHAVIORISM AND COGNITIVE THEORIES IN TESOL After decades of development of learning theories, many approaches have been inspired and researched basing on the two most popular theories, behaviorism and cognitive theories. Because of their div erse significant devotion at a certain period in pedagogical history, these theories have been brought on debate over and over, to answer the fundamental question of what is learned (Navarick, 2002). â€Å"The primary difference between these two theories is theRead MorePsy / 280 Human Growth And Development1029 Words   |  5 PagesDeondra Braden January 19, 2015 PSY/280 Human Growth and Development Human Development Paper As a human race, in most circumstances we all go through similar stages of development. What most also be taken into account when assessing development is our ranging variations of individualism. Our individual development is subject to a never ending list on influences. Some influences we are born with and some are due to our own life experiences. Our personality comes from all that we are; weRead MoreWhy Do We Do Your Regular Schedules?1368 Words   |  6 PagesTodd Donerson 5/9/2015 Intr. Philosophy Main project part 2 Behaviorism Why do we do the things we do in our regular schedules? Do we do it on impulse, is it something we daily choose to do, or are we simply conditioned to a point where it becomes natural? These are the questions behaviorists think about when studying other people. I believe this is the right theory because I believe that everything a person does, why they think they way they do, why they do the things they do is becauseRead MoreThe Psychoanalytic Theory Of Human Development Research1074 Words   |  5 Pagesstudies topics like the theoretical perspective theories that are used in human development research. The Psychoanalytic perspective theory focuses on the emotional and social development, Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental theory accents the changes in thinking, while the Behaviorism and Social Learning and the Lifespan perspective discuss many aspects on human functioning (p. 21). These theories allow for a different point of view on development while regarding relative i nfluence of nature andRead MoreA Reflection On Learning Theories939 Words   |  4 Pagesactivities, read literature and continue to learn and to understand child development as all of this ties into learning theories. I believe now that through being a more reflective teacher it has shaped my teaching strategy based on three different learning theories I will reflect on. Behaviorism, constructivism, and cognitivism are relatively common theories used in classrooms as ways to approach student learning. Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior, such as being able to follow two step directionsRead MoreSnapshot1702 Words   |  7 Pagesand psychopathology. Freuds theories became very well-known, largely because they tackled subjects such as sexuality, repression, and the unconscious mind as general aspects of psychological development. These were largely considered taboo subjects at the time, and Freud provided a catalyst for them to be openly discussed in polite society. While Freud is perhaps best known for his tripartite model of the mind, consisting of the id, ego, and superego, and his theories about the Oedipus complex, hisRead Morepsy 3601407 Words   |  6 Pages Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Introduction Cognitive Psychology/PSY360 Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes surrounding learning, memory, perception, and thought. Though it is still a relatively new formal branch of psychology, its roots extend back to Descartes who sought a way to explain how the mind worked, proposing the analogy of a â€Å"hydraulic system of nerve function† (Willingham, 2007, p. 26) after he observed animated statuesRead MoreLearning Theories : A Comparison Of Behavioral And Cognitive Views1163 Words   |  5 PagesLearning Theories: A Comparison of Behavioral and Cognitive Views Cognitive and behavioral learning theories tend to dominate modern discussions of learning theories. Employed in both educational and clinical settings, both have important contributions to understanding how and why individuals learn. Is one approach statistically better than the other, or do they each have their own place where one approach may be more effective under specific circumstances? Each theory has supporters who claimRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development830 Words   |  4 Pages The Cognitive Learning Theory came into the forefront of educational psychology predominately in the 1950s. At the end of the era of behaviorism, many theorists questioned whether or not behaviorism fully explained learning. Sure, there was an understanding of observable behaviors, but what about what was going on in the mind? Theorists such as Tolman, Piaget, Vygotsky and Bruner all helped to pioneer a movement away from behaviorism to a cognitive approach (Yilmaz, 2011). Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive

The Tragedy of the Holocaust and How it Developed Essay

We have all seen the movies. Improbable situations, villains, heroes and of course just like all great movies, good always triumphs over evil. What would happen if the hero just sat back and let the villain win? Evil would overcome good, not to mention everyone who depended on the hero would be in danger. Although our everyday lives may not consist of evil villains and heroes in tights, they have been filled with good and evil. The only difference is good does not always prevail. Time and time again we have witnessed acts of terror and vice, one of the most renowned being the Holocaust. Over six million Jews were brutally murdered in Europe. How did the world let this happen? Sir Edmund Burke summed it up by saying, â€Å"All that is necessary†¦show more content†¦America received numbers of reports stating claims of Jews being murdered in concentration camps all across Europe, but swept them under the rug. American’s like Breckinridge Long, the head of the State Dep artment, strongly opposed letting more Jewish immigrants into America. Through his exaggerated testimonies of how many Jews were actually being let into the country, laws were passed that drastically affected the ones still living in Europe. Visas were postponed leaving many Jews stranded, crushing their last resort for hope; America. Numerous Americans saw the destruction our immigration laws were causing and tried to show that we needed to help the Jews. Henry Morganthal started a Jewish pageant that toured five major cities in order to raise awareness of the Jews horrid fate. Finally, in 1944 after over 4 years of staying silent, President Roosevelt passed the War Refuge Board. This was a plan to rescue all of the Jews being held captive. Although this plan of action saved over 200,000 Jews, it was activated a little to late compared to the six million lost over the years before. We, who could have been the hero, sat back and watched as innocent victims of violence and evil were over powered. America knew of the severity of the situation but still chose to ignore it. Because of this, millions suffered and although we could not see it, it was very much real. It is lived outShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe Holocaust is, by definition, a tragedy. HaShoah, the Hebrew word for the Holocaust, translates to â€Å"the catastrophe.† The very notion of humor during the Holocaust may seem incongruous, appalling, and wildly inappropriate. Tragedy is seen as serious, while comedy is typically lighthearted in nature. However, there is precedence for ‘comic relief,’ the presence of humor in tragedy with the desired effect to relieve tension. Frequently, comic relief is used so that tragedy does not overshadow usRead MoreWar Wrecked their Life Essay1099 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Fugitive Pieces† by Anne Michaels is written in a powerful way to show the feelings of people who have gone through experience of their beloved ones’ painful deaths. There are two protagonists, Jakob and Ben who lead the broken life, as a result of the tragedy that not even the future generations will ever forget. They’re both left with damaged souls from the war; although they belong in two different generations, they still have an essential intersection point —of endless sorrow and pain. It’s not a storyRead MoreElie Wiesels Speech : The Perils Of Indifference1340 Words   |  6 Pagestriumph† Throughout millennia, despite many differences in language, cultural, and social structures, humans all developed the same characteristics like, for one; their approach in tragedies happening around the world. When responding to tragedies, humans can either be aghast, furious, and eager to do whatever they can to help or they can be in support of the people who caused the tragedy. However, there is one response that is arguably worse than the latter; being indifferent. On April 12 , 1999, ElieRead MoreThe Perils Of Indifference By Elie Wiesel1306 Words   |  6 Pagesto triumph†. Throughout millennia, despite many differences in language, cultural, and social structures, humans all developed the same characteristics in their approach in tragedies happening around the world. When responding to tragedies, humans can either be aghast, furious, and eager to do whatever they can to help or they can be in support of the people who caused the tragedy. However, there is one response that is arguably worse than the latter: being indifferent. On April 12, 1999, Elie WieselRead MoreHistory: The Holocaust a Human Error Essay864 Words   |  4 Pagesthe negative events, we learn what went wrong and how to prevent similar tragedies from happening. From the positive, we gather knowledge and comprehension of the basis of our modern society. We are a self- repairing race, analyzing every flaw and figuring out what caused it. Its an ancient practice, trial and error i s human nature. However, one of these errors hold a specific purpose in history classes. Similar, yet different. The Holocaust was so intesely horrific, so widespread, and such aRead MoreThe Holocaust Of Auschwitz And Buchenwald From 1944-19451633 Words   |  7 Pagesworld have been caught in history books but between the ones that have held to the memory of people is the holocaust. The Holocaust was a very disturbing event that triggered an eye-opener for individuals about how harsh humans can be. The purpose for this is since the vast number of victims and questions as to what was the actual motive behind the need to defeat a whole community. Holocaust is an organized, state financed torment and slaying of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi governmentRead MoreVladeks Quirks and Habits1594 Words   |  7 Pages5-12-14 Vladek’s Reaction to the Holocaust The Holocaust was a traumatizing and depressing time period in history due to the Nazis in the leadership of their dictator Adolf Hitler. The Nazis were a Political Party during World War ΙΙ from 1941 through 1945. Many Jews during this time were discriminated, murdered, and humiliated in front of many other Jews and Germans. â€Å"Six million Jews died in a merciless way at the hands of the Nazis† (Sherbok 1). The Holocaust is an unforgettable period in historyRead MoreHitler’s Roots in Darwin One would agree that the Nazi holocaust actually happened and was600 Words   |  3 PagesHitler’s Roots in Darwin One would agree that the Nazi holocaust actually happened and was devastatingly tragic. It is also not a very great jump of faith to realize that one of the many factors that produced the holocaust and possibly World War II was the belief in survival of the fittest and if the fit were to survive as part of evolutionary progress the weak must be eliminated. Hitler and his supporter’s motives are very hard to diagnose. As the title of this paper suggests, the role of Darwin’sRead MoreThe Devil s Arithmetic By Jane Yolen889 Words   |  4 Pageswe actually experience them ourselves. No matter how much we research, how many pictures we observe, or even the personal stories from the individuals who endure those hard times. We can imagine the pain and tragedy of it, however, can we truly understand it? In The Devil’s Arithmetic by Jane Yolen, is a character named Hannah Stern who undergoes a glimpse of such a tragedy and completely shifts her outlook on her family’s history in the Holocaust. Throughout the story, Hannah depicts an unappreciativeRead MoreEnglish Creative Task : Holly Lowe, Microelectronics, Antibiotics, Laser Technology, The Smartphone And Nuclear Weapons1140 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the steady introduction of all of these things, our society gradually developed and progressed. However, we to day are not really that different from the people of Salem in the late 1600’s. So how have we been able to make such remarkable advancements yet still in a sense have not developed at all? The answer to this lies in the Salem Witch Trials and other major and tragic historical events such as the Holocaust and the rapid spread of terrorism, especially through social media propaganda

Life of a Correctional Officer - 1056 Words

LIFE OF A CORRECTIONAL OFFICER CRJ: 303 Corrections 17 March 2013 Abstract The life of a correctional officer is something that is easily over looked. Not understanding or knowing the intricate details that go into what it actually takes to coexist with incarcerated inmates is one of the reasons that the general public is able to go about their daily lives, not thinking or wondering how those inmates are controlled. Correctional officers have one of the hardest jobs on the planet, having to work with prison inmates on a daily basis and not knowing when something may happen that could endanger themselves or their fellow correctional officers. Keywords: daily, corrections, life, officers, policies, The life of a correctional†¦show more content†¦Some of the Correctional Officer functions are, to enforce and keep order, they supervise activities of inmates, aid in rehabilitation and counseling of offenders, routinely search inmates for contraband items, and often report on inmates conduct on a day to day basis. While the daily duties of a correctional officer can truly be viewed as the proverbial â€Å"daily grind†, they often have to perform these prison duties while dealing with stressful and often times very dangerous situations. While most of us on the outside world try to make a routine day more enjoyable, routine for the correctional officers within the prison is not a negative thing in the least, as a routine day is very important to the successful operation of a correctional facility. â€Å"Routine in a prison environment is the consistent, scheduled, and expected activities that make up the day within a prison† (Seiter, 2011). The daily grind for correctional officers include specific assignments that can be anything from supervising inmates on a work crew or in a housing area to a non-inmate contact job in a tower or control center. Some of the different categories of correctional officers’ assignments include living units, work detail supervisors, industrial shop and school officers, administration buildingShow MoreRelatedLife of a Correctional Officer Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesLife of a Correctional Officer Nancy Booker CRJ:303 Corrections Instructor Name: Yolanda Tilley August 31, 2012 CORRECTIONAL OFFICER 2 Life of a Correctional Officer Correctional Officers are very important people and they perform very important duties. An correctional officer job can become very demanding and on top of that it can be very stressful. Just like police officer. Correctional Officers takes a change each day they are at work and they never knowRead MoreImages Of Prison Life And Correctional Officers1932 Words   |  8 PagesWithin society there are an array of misinterpret images of prison life and correctional officers. This portrayal of them has change through time from popular media. A clear majority of popular media such as writing and film can be attributed to the one-dimensional image. These media outlets are then taken as primary sources and therefore society’s view of prison life and correctional officers. These popular media outlets are guilty when it comes to portraying a lifestyle that seem so real, but farRead MorePrisoners and Correctional Officers1440 Words   |  6 Pageslike without correctional officers? Imagine what life would be in prisons around a bunch of inmates, not having any protection from anyone, being around people who you know have killed, or have done other crimes. Correctional officers are not just helpful in prisons but also when transporting inmates from one place to another. With Correctional officers now in days they are a big help for our society. Without them we would not have any security when being in prison. Correctional officers are peopleRead MoreThe Judicial System During The United States1201 Words   |  5 PagesSheriff’s and other law enforcement officers. In the 1820’s America developed the first penitentiary in Pennsylvania with the building of Eastern State Prison. Along with this prison are the early beginnings of organized corrections officers in America. Through the years, as more prisons and jails were built, the need for better trained, ethical, and professional individuals were required to staff and maintain positive control over criminal inmates. Today, corrections officers hold the responsibility forRead MoreEffects Of Prison Overcrowding1345 Words   |  6 Pagesovercrowding causes. My next point will be the health of the inmates discussing both their physical and mental while in overcrowded prisons. Lastly I will discuss the physical and mental health of the correctional officers and how the job could lead to correctional officers having issues in their private life. Prison Overcrowding has become a major issue in the United States. Many laws such as the three strikes law and also mandatory minimums have played a major part in prison overcrowding in the UnitedRead MoreThe Achievement Habits, We Read That The Road Is Not Always Straight But957 Words   |  4 PagesThis is not the case. Most correctional officers go year by year not receiving a cost of living increase. The national average for wages â€Å"the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the 434,870 correctional officers working in the United States in 2011 earned an average annual salary of $43,550.† Correctionalofficeredu.org/salaries/. Now some would think that it is a decent wage. But remember that is a national average, in Colorado the starting salary or a correctional is â€Å"$3,308/month based onRead MoreThe Case Of Correctional Officers1653 Words   |  7 Pagespredator in the cell. This is something correctional officers hear often. During duty they have many re sponsibilities and tasks they have to accomplish. The officer has to get everything done while being careful and not jeopardizing their safety. They run under a lot of stress trying to keep these criminals locked up and away from the civilians. Correctional officers put their life on the line in order to protect civilians and keep predators behind bars. Officers have always been around maybe they wereRead MoreThe Death Of South Korea1667 Words   |  7 Pagessometimes sent to the juvenile detention center for reformation by the juvenile court depending on the seriousness of crimes. On the other hand, in criminal court, from the age of 14 to 18, young offenders can be held in correctional facilities, which are similar to adult correctional facilities, but only house juveniles. In the past, this age rule was applied to person who was above 12 by law. Even though, the rule has been lowered the minimum age to 10 since 2008, critics say that it is high in comparisonRead MoreCorrectional Officers Vs. Prison Guards1372 Words   |  6 PagesCorrectional officers or prison guards: these classifications are used to identify those in authority in institutions throughout the world. Correctional institutions in the United States are formulated on fairness and productivity, and the administrators within the institutions are held at the highest responsibility to see fit the safety and wellness of inmates during their time of rehabilitation. However, with the vast exposure of insubordination overtime, prison guards are being targeted as theRead MoreEmployee Recruitment and Selection1244 Words   |  5 Pagesthe best qualified people. To illustrate this point, Team C will summarize the department’s job description for Correctional Officer, including position details, job duties, performance standards, and job factors. The team will also seek to identify recruitment and selection methods most likely consistent with the Department of Justice and its strategies to fulfill correctional officer positions. Team C will provide even more clarity with a concept map that summarizes the identified recruitment

Contract Certain Supervening Impossibility â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discus About The Contract Certain Supervening Impossibility? Answer: Introducation In the case of Jo and Rosie, Jo sued Rosie for breach of contract by not attending the dinner for which Jo had made preparations after receiving her acceptance to attend. In order to create a valid contract one of the essential element is the intention of the parties to enter into legal relationship which means in case of the breach of contract by either party the other party has right to take legal action. The case, here, falls under the category of social agreement as distinguished from a legally binding contract where in the former case the parties are merely under a moral duty. Social agreements entered into between members of a family, friends, colleagues etc. cannot be said to have been made with an intention to enter into legal relations. As was held by Lord Atkin a social agreement cannot be said to be a legally binding contract even if all the elements of a valid contract are present[1]. The reason these agreements are not contracts as the parties did not entered into the ag reement with an intention that legal consequences shall follow their agreement. According to him such agreements should not be enforceable in the courts of law otherwise there will be institution of n number of cases for breach of such contracts. Therefore, such contracts have been kept out of jurisdiction of contract law. Following this observation it can be said in this case that there was no valid contract between the parties as there was no intention of the parties to enter into a legally binding contract, hence Jo cannot sue Rosie for not performing her moral duty[2]. Case Study Group 2: Agreement being offer and acceptance. In case where James made an offer to sell his snowboard to Liz and in case of silence on her part he will assume that the offer has been accepted by her. The general law regarding contracts says that an agreement comes into existence only when an offer is made by one person to the other and such offer has been accepted by the latter. The acceptance can be made verbally, in writing or impliedly i.e., by conduct of the latter[3]. The general rule regarding acceptance is that silence does not amounts to acceptance, for the reason that, to make sure that the offer was accepted by the acceptor willingly and was not imposed upon him. An exception to this rule is that the acceptor has expressly mentioned that his silence shall be considered as acceptance. Further it has also been held in a famous that the person making the offer cannot state that the silence on the part of the person to whom the offer is made will be considered as acceptance on his part and in that way cannot obligate the latter to positively reject the offer[4]. The rules mentioned above are applicable in this case whereby it can be concluded that James cannot enforce the contract as he has no right to impose an obligation upon Liz to reject the offer or otherwise make her bound by the same. Case Study Group 3: Consideration being the price in the contract. According to the facts of the case Neville offers to repay his debt of $100 to Paul by $20 and a new baseball cap in full settlement which was accepted by the latter. The issue is whether Paul can demand the balance after full settlement has been made. The general rule regarding consideration is that it is one of the essentials to form a valid contract and can be in form of a right, interest or benefit. It sometimes includes a forbearance, loss or detriment also whereby if a party forgives anothers debt and a detriment is suffered by the latter it will be said to be a valid consideration. Further, the rule is that part payment of debt does not amounts to a good consideration[5] but where part payment is made along with something in addition for full and final settlement such part payment will be a good consideration[6]. Under Australian contract law the consideration will be valid and acceptable if it is sufficient and is not required to be adequate. The concept of sufficiency varies from case to case. Accordingly, the settlement made by Neville in lieu of his debt amounts to valid consideration on part of the former and Paul has no right to demand the balance amount after the settlement as he has accepted a new baseball cap in lieu of the balance amount. Case Study Group 4: Capacity of one of the parties. In order to form a valid contract the parties should have capacity to enter into the contract. In Australia, certain persons have been disqualified from entering into a contract viz., persons who are insane, under intoxication, bankrupts, minors, and companies. a) Aliens: An alien is a person who is not a citizen of Australia. Such a person has capacity to enter into a valid contract in peace time. In times of war, if such an alien belongs to the State with which Australia is in war with, then such alien is restricted to sue but can be sued for any breach in an Australian court of law. b) Bankrupt: A bankrupt has right to enter into a contract while a contract of unprofitable nature which has been made before he was been declared a bankrupt may be repudiated by the trustee. Further restrictions may also be put by way of legislations upon the nature of a contract to which a bankrupt may be a party and any contract entered into by a bankrupt person without disclosing his status will be an offence[7]. c) Companies: Under common law of Australia a company may enter into a contract if authorized under the constitution of the company. Further according to the Corporations Act 2001 a company can enter into a contract as an individual[8] and if a contract has been entered into by a company beyond the authority given by its constitution, it will be a valid contract[9]. Case Study Group 5: Did both parties freely consent to the contract. According to the facts of the case, Carlos purchased a jet ski from Ted which was in good condition according to the latter. A contract was signed by the parties whereby no declaration was made regarding the condition of the engine and a clause in the contract also waived the warranty regarding the condition of the craft and its parts. The engine of the Jet Ski stopped as its condition was not good. The issue here is that whether Carlos can seek damages from Ted. In order to make a valid contract the parties must enter into the contract with free and genuine consent. A consent is said to be not free if it is affected by any external factors. In cases of false statement, where a party makes a false statement knowingly and with a dishonest intention to induce the other party to enter into the contract will give a right to the latter to repudiate the contract where such false statement was found to be the only reason to enter into the contract[10]. In the present case, the contract was entered into by Carlos on the false statement that was made by Ted who knew that the condition of the engine of the craft was not good. Therefore, the consent for entering into the contract by Carlos cannot be said to be a free consent as it is made under the influence of the false statement made by the counterparty. Carlos has right to recover damages for the loss accrued to him from Teds conduct. Case Study Group 6: Was the Contract legal? In case of Rita and Peter, Rita gave away her flat to Peter, a prisoner escapee, to provide him place to hide. Peter refused to pay rent for two months of his stay in Ritas house. The issue in this case is whether Rita has right to recover the rent overdue from Peter. The general rule as to contracts lays down that a contract cannot be held to be valid the subject matter or the objective of which is illegal. If the promises, subject matter, objective or consideration of a contract is illegal the contract cannot be said to be a valid contract[11]. An act which is prohibited by law is said to be an illegal act and any person doing such illegal act or any person entering into a contract with such person for providing him aid in doing the illegal act, such contract will not amount to be a valid contract. In the present case Peter was an escapee from a prison which is an illegal act. Rita was providing her aid in hiding from the State authorities. Therefore, the acts of both Peter and Rita fall under the category of illegal acts. Any loss or damage amounting from doing such acts are not enforceable in the courts of law. If such acts are given enforceability it will lead to encouragement to do illegal acts. Hence, Rita has no right to recover any rent from Peter. Case Study Group 7: Terms of the Contract. In the case where Alana delivers her coat to Dennis for dry cleaning and when she came back to pick up her coat she found it was badly burnt. The ticket given by Dennis stated that it will not be responsible for any loss to the goods. The issue here is that whether Alana can sue Dennis for damages. This case falls under the category of bailment which means when one party delivers goods to other party for some purpose, the latter is bound to take due care of the goods as a person would have taken of his goods in similar circumstances. It is required on the part of the bailee to take due care of the goods bailed to him by the bailor for a specific purpose. In case of any default or negligence on the part of the former will amount to breach of a contract and the latter will be entitled to sue him for the damages caused to him[12]. In the case of Alana she was the bailor whereby she delivered her coat to Dennis for the specific purpose of dry cleaning it. The Dennis was under a legal duty to take due care of the coat bailed to it. Dennis cannot escape from his liability to take reasonable care of the goods by entering a clause in the ticket, mentioning the terms of the contract, that was delivered to her after delivering the coat to it. Further, the facts that the coat was badly burnt shows negligence on the part of the bailee to take reasonable care of the goods bailed to it. Therefore, Alana can sue Dennis for recovering the damages for loss caused to her. Case Study Group 8: Discharge of the Contract. Len, a singer, who entered into a contract to perform on Christmas Eve, his contract frustrated due to occurrence of a cyclone. The issue is whether he can claim damages for the frustration of the contract. Under law a contract may be discharged by an agreement or by frustration or by the breach of the contract. A contract gets frustrated when either or both the parties are unable to perform the contract due to certain supervening impossibility. One of such supervening impossibility where the parties are discharged from performing the contract is force majure or act of God. An act of God is a situation when due to certain acts which are beyond human control the parties are unable to perform the contract. In such cases neither party is liable for breach of the contract. In the instant case, the contract was cancelled due to occurrence of cyclone which is an act of God. There was no breach of contract on the part of the party organizing the concert. Len cannot ask for compensation due to breach of contract or for the reason that he could have taken employment somewhere else as his payment might be doubt. The organizers could not have been able to foresee the occurrence of the cyclone. Therefore no liability can be imposed upon the organizers and Len cannot seek compensation for the frustration of contract by act of God. Case Study Group 9: E-Contract. According to the facts of the case Jenn, the supplier of clothes made negotiations with Kirsty, the purchaser of the consignment of clothes through electronic mails. An offer was made by Jenn on 20th April, 2016 and asked her to make an acceptance by 13th May, 2016. Kirsty sent a mail on 22nd May, 2016 accepting the offer. The issue here was whether there was a proper offer and its acceptance to form a valid contract and whether Jenn was bound by the contract, if any. In Australia, the rules that are applied in case of a paper contract are applied in case of an electronic contract which requires an offer been made which has to be duly accepted and should follow a lawful consideration. According to the law of contract a valid offer is said to have been made when it comes to the knowledge of the person to whom it is made. And an acceptance is said to have been made as soon as it is accepted by the offeree. In the instant case, the offer made by Jenn did not came to the knowledge of Kirsty till 22nd May, 2016 the stipulation period for which was already over on 13th May, 2016. Therefore, no offer could be said to have been made to Kirsty as it did not came to her knowledge and further, when no offer has been made, it cannot be said to have been accepted by Kirsty. As there was no offer and acceptance, no valid contract is made and therefore no one is under any contractual liability against the other. References Balfour v Balfour (1919) 2 KB 571. Felthouse v Bindley (1862) 142 ER 1037. Foakes v Beer (1884) 9 App Cas 605. Corporation Act 2001 (Cth). Julie Clarke, Balfour v Balfour (2010) Australian Contract Law https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/balfour.html. Julie Clarke, Capacity to Contract 2013 Australian Contract Law https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-capacity.html. Julie Clarke, Consideration (2015) Australian Contract Law https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-consideration.html. Law Handbook, Elements of Contract 2017 The Law Handbook 2017 https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/07_01_02_elements_of_a_contract/. R P Emery and Associates, Legal Contract, Legal Agreements, Contracts and Forms (2013) Wordpress https://legalcontract.wordpress.com/2010/05/11/fundamental-principles-of-contract-law/. Shane Simpson, Duty of Care to Lenders 2013 Simpsons https://www.collectionslaw.com.au/34-duty-of-care-to-lenders. Simpsons, The Principles of Contract (2010) Simpsons Solicitors https://www.simpsons.com.au/documents/v [1] Balfour v Balfour (1919) 2 KB 571. [2] Julie Clarke, Balfour v Balfour (2010) Australian Contract Law https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/balfour.html. [3] Simpsons, The Principles of Contract (2010) Simpsons Solicitors https://www.simpsons.com.au/documents/visarts/visarts89/1Princip.pdf. [4] Felthouse v Bindley (1862) 142 ER 1037. [5] Foakes v Beer (1884) 9 App Cas 605. [6] Julie Clarke, Consideration (2015) Australian Contract Law https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-consideration.html. [7] Julie Clarke, Capacity to Contract 2013 Australian Contract Law https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-capacity.html. [8] Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) s 124. [9] Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) s 125. [10] Law Handbook, Elements of Contract 2017 The Law Handbook 2017 https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/07_01_02_elements_of_a_contract/. [11] R P Emery and Associates, Legal Contract, Legal Agreements, Contracts and Forms (2013) Wordpress https://legalcontract.wordpress.com/2010/05/11/fundamental-principles-of-contract-law/. [12] Shane Simpson, Duty of Care to Lenders 2013 Simpsons https://www.collectionslaw.com.au/34-duty-of-care-to-lenders.

Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections. Answer: Introduction: Toula Giannopoulos, a 56 year old female has been admitted to the surgical ward for ongoing management of infected diabetic ulcer on her right foot. Before planning care plan for Toula, the important nursing assessment that would be necessary for Toula would include: Conducting physical assessment and reviewing comprehensive health history of patients Physical examination of affected limbs in relation to location, classification of foot ulcer. Length, depth and width of wound. The nurse will also assess exudates and odour of wound Nursing assessment and documentation of pain in Toula by considering the pain history, location, intensity and patients understanding of pain Assessment of ADLs (activities of daily living) in Toula by observing gait abnormality in patients and ability to exercise (Alavi et al. 2014) In response to pain assessment and assessment of ADL in Toula, the important nursing intervention for Toula would be to provide non-weight bearing devices such as crutches or wheelchairs to patient to reduce pain and reduce pressure in foot. This would facilitate healing of diabetic foot ulcers (Bus et al. 2017). In addition, management and care of wound in the right foot would also be essential to prevent infection and promote healing. The Enrolled nurse will also play a critical role in educating Toula to prevent injury and take care of the diabetic foot. Another important nursing intervention would be to provide appropriate medication to patient to manage pain and promote recovery of wound (Dimitriadou and Lavdaniti, 2017). The review of medical history of Toula has revealed that she suffered from uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Uncontrolled diabetes is the main risk factor that has contributed to the development of her diabetic foot ulcer. This is because uncontrolled diabetes is one of the major risk factor for diabetic foot ulcer. About 10% people with diabetes are likely to develop ulcer loose normal nerve functioning due to peripheral diabetic neuropathy. Due to this condition, patients like Toula loose pain sensation in foot and they cannot sense any damage to their foot in case of bruises or cuts (Strauss et al. 2016). Hence, small cuts or bruises eventually develop into diabetic foot ulcers because blood flow to the feet is restricted in diabetic patients and it has a negative impact on healing process. Debridement is one of the treatment options for patients with diabetic foot ulcers to prevent further complication and increase the pace of ulcer healing. After the process of debridement in Toula, there are chances of many negative or positive implications in patient. The first implication might be that ulcer healing process may enhance and patients might be discharged early from hospital. However, there is also chance of acute infection in patient after the debridement process due to poor hygiene standards in hospital setting. MRSA (Methillin-resistant S. aureus) is often a causative agent in diabetic foot infections in hospitalized patient because of contact with other patient with MRSA. The implication of MRSA infection is that the characteristics of wound will change in patient and their discharged may be delayed (Edmonds 2009). Such infection will also create treatment challenges for clinicians. Toula also developed MRSA infection after debridement evident from the assessment o f wound swab. Hence, she had to be hospitalized again to manage the infected diabetic ulcer. Another implication of debridement is that debridement will have an impact on living arrangement and ability to perform ADLs. The patient may lose normal capacity to mobilize and they may require walking aid and other mobility devices to reduce pressure on foot. Toula experienced mobility issues due to excessive pain in her right foot after MRSA infection post debridement. Toula had a wound at her foot which had aggravated and formed ulcer. This can be treated by the help of dressings. The dressings reduce the moist environment of the wound and helps in curing the wound (Mills, Cowin, and Kaur 2013). Simple gauze is used along with the hydrogels which is effective in drying the ulcers by holding the tissue and helps in dying of the cells. The ability of absorption of the dressing must be according to the amount of the wound which can reduce the maceration of the skin surrounding the wound. The purpose of the dressing is assisting the process of the healing and preventing the bacterial proliferation. These bacterial proliferations are generally harmful for the formation of the healthy tissue. Hence the regular dressing is needed to cure the wound (Baltzis, Eleftheriadou, and Veves 2014). Metformin The dose prescribed to Toula is 1g BD (twice per day). It is used to control the high level of sugar in blood. It is generally prescribed to the patients those who are having type-2 diabetes. This medicine controls the blood sugar and prevents the damage in kidney, reduces risk of blindness, reduction in nerve problems, and sexual dysfunction. The most common side effects of this medicine are diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, irregular breathing and many more. The nurse must look after the patient (Potter et al. 2016). Metoprolol The dosage prescribed for Toula is 50mg BD. It is used for treating angina and hypertension to prevent heart attack. The side effect of this medicine is shortness of the breath, blurred vision, pain in chest irregular heart beat and many more. The nurse must take care of the patient. Panadeine forte The dosage prescribed is 2 tablets PRN (as needed). It is used to treat, control and prevent the fever, flu and various other pains. For toula it had been prescribed to reduce the pain of the foot ulcer. The side effects of panadeine forte are nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, rashes, sweating and other symptoms as well. The nurse should take care that the medicine does not cause any severe effects (Koutoukidis, Stainton, and Hughson 2016). Endone The dosage provided is 10 mg PRN. It is to relieve from moderate to severe pain. The side effects of Endone are nausea and vomiting, dizziness, indigestion, hypotension and confusion. As this medicine causes some problems so the nurse must be careful while giving the medicine to Toula and must provide proper amount of medication so that she must not face any problems that are been caused from the medication. Benzyl penicillin Dosage of Benzyl penicillin prescribed to Toula is 1.2g BD. It is used to treat for most of the wound infections, infections of skin, tissue, nose, throat, respiratory tract and many more. The side effects of this medicine are reactions in the injected site, mild rashes in skin, vomiting, stomach upset and so on. The nurse generally used to inject the into the body, so they must be careful and take care of the patient so that the infection. After the detection of MRSA infection in Toula 7 days post debridement, there is a need to provide range of treatment options to her. This includes the following: Firstly, Toula needs to be given appropriate medication for pain relief and infection control. The Enrolled Nurse can provide appropriate pain medication to patient as ordered by clinician. To treat MRSA infection in Toula, there is also a need to provided antibiotics to patients such tetracycline drugs and Rifampin to cure skin and soft tissue infection due to colonization of MRSA in wound site (Chen, Giurini and Karchmer 2016). Acute pain was one of the major problem in Toula as the physical assessment of pain in Toula has revealed a pain score of 8/10. Her pain was found to worsen on movement and she was not able to bear weight too. In such scenario, another treatment option for Toula is pain management. To address the problem of weight bearing, one of the possible solutions would be to provide pressure offloading intervention to Toula. Some of the strategies for pressure offloading include proving bed rest, wheel chair half shoes, therapeutics shoes or crutch-assisted gait to Toula. This will help in pressure modulation, reducing pain and healing of plantar diabetic foot ulcers (Wu et al. 2008). Pain in patients after MRSA infection had affected her ability to mobilize. Hence, this disability may affect her ability to perform ADLs. In such case, it would be necessary to refer Toula to appropriate services that can help her in improving her gait pattern. Complementary treatment like physiotherapy, exercise and shoe modification will be essential to improve her gait pattern (Turan et al. 2015). Toula can be referred to the following services following discharge from hospital: Physical therapy and rehabilitation service to improve mobility and quality of life. Rehabilitation service will support Toula in preventing further complications and regular assessment of foot. Physical therapy may also promote reducing debridement effect and improving blood flow to the feet. Orthopedic service to detect chances of spreading of foot ulcer or its impact on bones and other tissues (Turan et al. 2015). Reference Alavi, A., Sibbald, R.G., Mayer, D., Goodman, L., Botros, M., Armstrong, D.G., Woo, K., Boeni, T., Ayello, E.A. and Kirsner, R.S., 2014. Diabetic foot ulcers: part II. Management.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology,70(1), pp.21-e1. Baltzis, D., Eleftheriadou, I. and Veves, A., 2014. Pathogenesis and treatment of impaired wound healing in diabetes mellitus: new insights.Advances in therapy,31(8), pp.817-836. Bus, S.A., Deursen, R.W., Armstrong, D.G., Lewis, J.E.A., Caravaggi, C.F. and Cavanagh, P.R., 2016. Footwear and offloading interventions to prevent and heal foot ulcers and reduce plantar pressure in patients with diabetes: a systematic review.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews,32(S1), pp.99-118. Chen, S.Y., Giurini, J.M. and Karchmer, A.W., 2016. Invasive Systemic Infection Following Hospital Treatment for Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Risk of Occurrence and Effect on Survival.Clinical Infectious Diseases, p.ciw736. Dimitriadou, A. and Lavdaniti, M., 2017. Foot Care Education for Diabetes Mellitus Patients.Journal of Nursing Science,3(1), pp.1-4. Edmonds, M., 2009. The treatment of diabetic foot infections: focus on ertapenem.Vascular health and risk management,5, p.949. Koutoukidis, G., Stainton, K. and Hughson, J., 2016.Tabbner's Nursing Care: theory and practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Mills, S.J., Cowin, A.J. and Kaur, P., 2013. Pericytes, mesenchymal stem cells and the wound healing process.Cells,2(3), pp.621-634. Potter, P.A., Perry, A.G., Stockert, P. and Hall, A., 2016.Fundamentals of Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Strauss, M.B., Moon, H., La, S., Craig, A., Ponce, J. and Miller, S., 2016. The Incidence of Confounding Factors in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Hospitalized for Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Wounds: a compendium of clinical research and practice,28(8), pp.287-294. Turan, Y., Ertugrul, B.M., Lipsky, B.A. and Bayraktar, K., 2015. Does physical therapy and rehabilitation improve outcomes for diabetic foot ulcers?.World journal of experimental medicine,5(2), p.130. Wu, S.C., Jensen, J.L., Weber, A.K., Robinson, D.E. and Armstrong, D.G., 2008. Use of pressure offloading devices in diabetic foot ulcers.Diabetes Care,31(11), pp.2118-2119.